富媒体理论 发表评论(0) 编辑词条
Media richness theory, sometimes referred to as
information richness theory, is a framework that
can be used to describe a communications medium
by describing its ability to reproduce the
information sent over it. It was developed by
Richard L. Daft and Robert H. Lengel. For
example, a phone call will not be able to
reproduce visual social cues such as gestures.
This makes it less rich (as a communication
medium) than video conferencing, which is able
to communicate gestures, at least to some extent.
More specifically, media richness theory states
that the more ambiguous and uncertain a task is,
the richer format of media is suitable to it. It is based on contingency theory and information processing theory.
Essentially, it explains that richer, more personal means of communication are generally more effective for
communication of equivocal issues than leaner, less rich media.
Application编辑本段回目录
The most immediate and profound application of media richness theory is for senders in choosing
a medium for communication. The theory implies that a sender can (and should) use the richest
possible medium to communicate the desired message. In reality, senders are often forced to use
less-rich methods of communication. Senders that use less-rich media of communication should
understand the limitations of that medium in the dimensions of feedback, multiple cues, message
tailoring, and emotions. Take for example the relative difficulty of determining whether a
modern text message is serious or sarcastic in its tone.[1]
Theory编辑本段回目录
Information richness is defined by Daft and Lengel as "the ability of information to change
understanding within a time interval".[2] Communications that can overcome different frames
of reference and clarify ambiguous issues to promote understanding in a timely manner are
considered more rich. Communications that take a longer time to convey understanding are less
rich.
According to Daft and Lengel's theory, media richness is a function of (1) the medium's
capacity for immediate feedback, (2) the number of cues and channels available, (3) language
variety; and (4) the degree to which intent is focused on the recipient. The greater social
presence of a medium creates a greater immediacy and warmth of the communication, because of
the greater number of channels.
Criticism编辑本段回目录
Media richness theory was heavily criticized in the past by what many researchers saw as its
deterministic nature. Markus argued that social pressures can influence media use much more
strongly than richness, and in ways that are inconsistent with media richness theory's key
tenets.[3] Ngwenyama and Lee showed that cultural and social background influence media
choice by individuals in ways that are incompabible with predictions based on media richness
theory; their paper received the Paper of the Year Award in the journal MIS Quarterly.[4]
Kock argued that some of the hypotheses of media richness theory lack a scientific basis,
and proposed an alternative theory - media naturalness theory - building on human evolution
findings.[5]
References编辑本段回目录
1. ^ Newberry, Brian (2001). "Media Richness, Social Presence and Technology Supported
Communication Activities in Education".
http://learngen.org/resources/module/lgend101_norm1/200/210/211_3.html. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
2. ^ Daft, R.L. & Lengel, R.H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media
richness and structural design. Management Science 32(5), 554-571.
3. ^ Markus, M.L. (1994). Electronic Mail as the Medium of Managerial Choice. Organization
Science, 5(4). 502-527.
4. ^ Ngwenyama, Ojelanki K., & Lee, Allen S. (1997). Communication richness in electronic
mail: Critical social theory and the contextuality of meaning. MIS Quarterly, 21(2), 145-167.
5. ^ Kock, N. (2005). Media richness or media naturalness? The evolution of our biological
communication apparatus and its influence on our behavior toward e-communication tools.
IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 48(2), 117-130.
Further reading编辑本段回目录
* Daft, R.L. & Lengel, R.H. (1984). Information richness: a new approach to managerial
behavior and organizational design. In: Cummings, L.L. & Staw, B.M. (Eds.), Research in
organizational behavior 6, (191-233). Homewood, IL: JAI Press.
* Daft, R.L., Lengel, R.H., & Trevino, L.K. (1987). Message equivocality, media selection,
and manager performance: Implications for information systems. MIS Quarterly, September,
355-366.
Lengel, R.H. & Daft, R.L. (1988). The Selection of Communication Media as an Executive
Skill. Academy of Management Executive, 2(3), 225-232.
* Suh, K.S. (1999). Impact of communication medium on task performance and satisfaction:
an examination of media-richness theory. Information & Management, 35, 295-312.
* Trevino, L.K., Lengel, R.K. & Daft, R.L. (1987). Media Symbolism, Media Richness and
media Choice in Organizations. Communication Research, 14(5), 553-574.
* Trevino, L., Lengel, R., Bodensteiner, W., Gerloff, E. & Muir, N. (1990). The richness
imperative and cognitive style: The role of individual differences in media choice
behavior. Management Communication Quarterly, 4(2).
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